Two biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (KISR C1 and KISR B1) were isolated from Kuwaiti oil-contaminated soil, which resulted from the Gulf War. The optimum environmental conditions that supported the growth and surfactant production of both isolates were examined. The two isolates differed in their biosurfactant-stimu-lating carbon source, nitrogen concentration, and the pH of the medium. C-1 isolate produced two types of rhamnolipids with a final concentration of 98.4 g/l after spiking the nitrogen-limited medium with 10 mg/ml olive oil. The other isolate (B-1) produced only one type of rhamnolipid (5.9 g/l) after spiking the medium with crude oil. The biosurfactant produced by this strain was found to be very effective in the emulsifica-tion of crude oil. The result suggests that this isolate can potentially be used to enhance bioremediation of oil-contamination and enhanced oil recovery.