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Effect of Coal Mine Soil Contamination on the Elemental Uptake and Distribution in Two Edible Amaranthus Species, A. dubius and A. hybridus 

Authors: Sreekanth B. Jonnalagadda a;  Andrew Kindness b; Viren Chunilall a
Affiliations:   a School of Chemistry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
b School of Chemistry, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
DOI: 10.1080/03601230600704324
Publication Frequency: 8 issues per year
Published in: journal Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, Volume 41, Issue 5 June 2006 , pages 747 - 764
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
Previously published as: Environmental Letters (0013-9300) until 1976
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Abstract

The impact of coal mine dump contaminated soil on the elemental uptake by two edible plants, namely, Amaranthus dubius (red herbs) and Amaranthus hybridus (green herbs), was studied by investigating their response and ability to tolerate and accumulate varying levels of elements in their roots and shoots. The vegetation was grown on varying amounts of contaminated soil, viz. 0%, 5%, 15%, 25% w/w using coal mine dump soil. The soil was analyzed for soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), moisture content, and selected heavy metals. The distribution of six metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Mn, and Fe, in roots, stem, and leaves of the plants was determined in two stages of growth after 5 weeks and 10 weeks. All soil and plant samples were microwave digested and subjected to heavy metal analysis using the ICP-OES, GFAAS, and CVAAS. The pH of the coal mine dump contaminated soil decreased with an increase in contamination. Both the SOM and CEC values decreased, which increases the availability of elements, by providing more binding sites in the soil. Relatively, the red herbs had higher elemental concentrations than the green herbs. Both plants recorded high manganese accumulation. No mercury was detected in the soils or plants.
Keywords: Edible vegetation; Coal mine soil contamination; Elemental uptake; Amaranthus; Lead; Cadmium; Manganese; Iron
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