One hundred and twenty consecutive patients with cancer of the uterine cervix were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity before and after radiotherapy. The severity of the disease in terms of clinical staging and histological grading of HIV seropositive women was compared with that of seronegative women. The result showed a prevalence rate of 4.2% for HIV seropositivity which was similar to the rate quoted for the general populace in Nigeria. The HIV seropositive women presented with more severe disease state than the HIV seronegative women. The mean duration of remission was significantly shorter in the HIV seropositive women following radiotherapy (18.36+/3.96 vs. 24.24+/-6.3 months). It was concluded that HIV infection increases the severity and progression of cancer of the cervix in Nigerians. Radiotherapy has no effect on the patients' seropositivity and possibly no effect on the virus. A more aggressive treatment of carcinoma of the cervix and closer follow-up of HIV seropositive patients following treatment are necessary.