Recently, all the structural features of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy have been demonstrated in mice fed 30% galactose for 21-26 months. To determine whether changes in retinal matrix protein mRNA levels occur early in the course of murine diabetes we used a competitive RT-PCR method to quantitate retinal mRNA levels in an inbred mouse strain (FVB) commonly used for transgenic studies. Retinal mRNA was prepared from STZ-diabetic and non-diabetic FVB mice at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks and cDNA encoding basement membrane components was quantitated using MIMIC constructs that compete for the same primer pairs. a1 (IV) collagen, the 1 and ?1 chains of laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin mRNAs were quantitated. For a1 (IV) collagen, statistically significant diabetes-induced increases were apparent by 8 weeks (3.11 ± 0.20 vs. 1.29 ± 0.19 10 6 molecules/µg total RNA, p < 0.005). Similarly, diabetes-induced increases were observed by 8 weeks for the 1 chain of laminin (4.54 ± 0.22 vs. 1.85 ± 0.43 10 5 molecules/µg total RNA, p < 0.005), the ?1 chain of laminin (7.33 ± 0.29 vs. 4.84 ± 0.76 10 4 /µg total RNA, p < 0.05), and for fibronectin (2.22 ± 0.21 vs. 1.35 ± 0.15 10 6 molecules/µg total RNA, p < 0.05). The magnitude of change was greatest for a1 (IV) collagen (2.4-fold) and 1 laminin (2.5-fold) at 8 weeks, and least for fibronectin (1.6-fold). A smaller diabetes-induced increase in vitro nectin mRNA was also observed, but it failed to reach statistical significance at 12 and 16 weeks. These data provide the basis for assessing the effects of genetic manipulation on diabetic retinopathy in transgenic mouse models.