The Network Kinematic Waves Model: A Simplified Approach to Network Traffic
Authors:
Daiheng Ni a;
John D. Leonard II b;
Billy M. Williams c
| Affiliations: | a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA |
| b School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA | |
| c Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA |
DOI:
10.1080/15472450500455070
Publication Frequency:
4 issues per year
Published in:
Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems,
Volume
10,
Issue
1
January
2006
, pages 1
- 14
Subjects:
Aerospace & Air Transport Industries;
Automotive Technology & Engineering;
Energy Conservation;
Intelligent & Automated Transport System Technology;
Location Based Services;
Pollution Control;
Railway Transport Industries;
Road Transport Industries;
Shipping Industries;
Transportation Engineering;
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(English)
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Previously published as:
ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal
(1024-8072)
until 2004
Previously published as:
I V H S Journal
(1065-5123)
until 1995
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Abstract
Flow of traffic on freeways and limited access highways can be represented as a series of kinemetic waves. Solutions to these systems of equations become problematic under congested traffic flow conditions, and under complicated (real-world) networks. A simplified theory of kinematics waves (KWaves) was previously proposed. Simplifying elements includes translation of the problem to moving coordinate system, adoption of triangular speed-density relationships, and adoption of restrictive constraints at the on- and off-ramps. However, these simplifying assumptions preclude application of this technique to most practical situations. By directly addressing the limitations of the original theory, this article proposes a simplified Kwaves model for network traffic (N-KWaves). Several key constraints of the original theory are relaxed. For example, the original merge model, which gives full priority to on-ramp traffic, is relaxed and replaced with a capacity-based weighted queuing (CBWFQ) merge model. The original diverge model, which blocks upstream traffic as a whole when a downstream queue exceeds the diverge, is also relaxed and replaced with a contribution-based weighted splitting (CBWS) diverge model. Based on the above, the original theory is reformulated and extended to address network traffic. Central to the N-KWaves model is a five-step computational procedure based on a generic building block. It is assumed that a freeway network can be represented by the combination of some special cases of the generic building block. An empirical field study showed satisfactory results. The N-KWaves model is best suited for modeling traffic operation in a regional freeway network and has a strong connection to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
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| Keywords: Macroscopic Model; Kinematic Waves; Freeway Networks; Traffic Simulation; ITS |
| view references (38) : view citations |

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