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The Network Kinematic Waves Model: A Simplified Approach to Network Traffic 

Authors: Daiheng Ni a;  John D. Leonard II b; Billy M. Williams c
Affiliations:   a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
b School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
c Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
DOI: 10.1080/15472450500455070
Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year
Published in: journal Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Volume 10, Issue 1 January 2006 , pages 1 - 14
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
You have: FREE ACCESS FREE ACCESS
Previously published as: ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal (1024-8072) until 2004
Previously published as: I V H S Journal (1065-5123) until 1995
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Abstract

Flow of traffic on freeways and limited access highways can be represented as a series of kinemetic waves. Solutions to these systems of equations become problematic under congested traffic flow conditions, and under complicated (real-world) networks. A simplified theory of kinematics waves (KWaves) was previously proposed. Simplifying elements includes translation of the problem to moving coordinate system, adoption of triangular speed-density relationships, and adoption of restrictive constraints at the on- and off-ramps. However, these simplifying assumptions preclude application of this technique to most practical situations. By directly addressing the limitations of the original theory, this article proposes a simplified Kwaves model for network traffic (N-KWaves). Several key constraints of the original theory are relaxed. For example, the original merge model, which gives full priority to on-ramp traffic, is relaxed and replaced with a capacity-based weighted queuing (CBWFQ) merge model. The original diverge model, which blocks upstream traffic as a whole when a downstream queue exceeds the diverge, is also relaxed and replaced with a contribution-based weighted splitting (CBWS) diverge model. Based on the above, the original theory is reformulated and extended to address network traffic. Central to the N-KWaves model is a five-step computational procedure based on a generic building block. It is assumed that a freeway network can be represented by the combination of some special cases of the generic building block. An empirical field study showed satisfactory results. The N-KWaves model is best suited for modeling traffic operation in a regional freeway network and has a strong connection to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Keywords: Macroscopic Model; Kinematic Waves; Freeway Networks; Traffic Simulation; ITS
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