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Trafficking in Nuclear Materials: Criminals and Terrorists 

Author: Louise I. Shelley - Louise I. Shelley is a Professor in the School of International Service and the founder and Director of the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC), American University. Her present research focuses on human smuggling and trafficking, the role of non-state actors in the proliferation of nuclear materials and the relationship between crime and terrorism. Recipient of numerous awards including the Guggenheim, Fulbright, NEH, and Kennan Institute, she is an active scholar having published three books as well as approximately 100 articles and book chapters. Since the mid-1990s, she has worked closely with scholars in Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia where TraCCC has established centers to study the problems of organized crime and corruption. She is also active in communicating the policy implications of her research and has testified repeatedly before the U.S. Congress, presented her findings at international fora and in the mass media.
DOI: 10.1080/17440570601073335
Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year
Published in: journal Global Crime, Volume 7, Issue 3 & 4 August 2006 , pages 544 - 560
Subject: Organized Crime;
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
Previously published as: Transnational Organised Crime (1357-7387) until 2004
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Abstract

The essay examines the networks that facilitate the transport of nuclear materials from the source to their possible purchasers. Analyzing the role of prisons in criminal operations, the interaction of criminals and terrorists, and the character of new organized crime groups, the author concludes that some of the most serious nuclear smuggling is not random or opportunistic. Rather, the most serious trafficking is rarely detected because it is run by professionals whose well established smuggling networks, facilitated by corruption, have the capacity to move significant quantities of diverse contraband without apprehension. Technical solutions to address this problem are not sufficient because detectors cannot identify well guarded HEU. Rather, much more attention needs to be paid to the crime and terror networks that can facilitate this trade.
Keywords: Organized crime; Terrorists; Networks; Nuclear smuggling; Former Soviet Union
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