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In Vitro Studies on Transdermal Permeation of Butorphanol 

Authors: Michal Svozil a;  Pavel Dolezcaronal a;  Alexander Hrabaacutelek a; Pavel Mecaronriccaronka b
Affiliations:   a Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kraacuteloveacute, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
b Tissue Bank, Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kraacuteloveacute, Heyrovskeacuteho, Hradec Kraacuteloveacute, Czech Republic
DOI: 10.1080/03639040601128639
Publication Frequency: 12 issues per year
Published in: journal Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, Volume 33, Issue 5 May 2007 , pages 559 - 567
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
Also incorporating: Drug Design and Discovery
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Abstract

The influence of the donor vehicles pH and the addition of laurocapram or transkarbam 12 as permeation enhancers on the transdermal permeation of butorphanol through human skin were examined with the aim of finding out about its possible use in the transdermal delivery system. As the pH of the donor vehicles rises, the mean value of butorphanol skin fluxes declines; an exponential relationship of the means of butorphanol flux values against the pH of the buffered aqueous donor vehicles has been demonstrated. The presence of 1% of transkarbam 12 (T12) or 5% of laurocapram (LC), respectively, in an isopropylmyristate (IPM) donor vehicle increased transdermal fluxes of butorphanol almost 2.5 times (58.1 ± 5.7 μg cm-2 hr-1) or 1.5 times (36.4 ± 7.0 μg cm-2 hr-1), respectively, when compared to blank donors. Considering clinical and pharmacokinetic data on butorphanol, it is possible to expect that a transdermal preparation sized 20 cm2 and possessing flux values ranging between 5.1 and 15.3 μg cm-2 hr-1 should be sufficient to achieve effective butorphanol transdermal fluxes, namely using IPM donors containing T12. In conclusion, butorphanol is a suitable candidate for transdermal administration and T12 is a very a suitable enhancer for it.
Keywords: Butorphanol; Transkarbam 12; Laurocapram; Transdermal delivery; Skin permeation enhancement
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