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Neurological Caricatures Since the 15th Century 

Author: Lorenzo Lorusso a
Affiliation:   a Department of Neurology, Mellino Mellini Hospital, Chiari, Italy
DOI: 10.1080/09647040802132023
Publication Frequency: 4 issues per year
Published in: journal Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, Volume 17, Issue 3 July 2008 , pages 314 - 334
Subject: Neuroscience;
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
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Abstract

During the Renaissance, different artists began to draw medical illustrations from various viewpoints. Leonardo da Vinci was among those who sought to portray the emotional as well as the physical qualities of man. Other European artists described caricatural aspects of medical activities. In Northern Europe, Albrecht Duumlrer, Hieronymus Bosch, and Pieter Brueghel were also famous for drawing caricatures. Later English artists, notably William Hogarth, Thomas Rowlandson, James Gillray, and the Cruikshanks, satirized life in general and the medical profession in particular. In Spain, Francisco Goya's works became increasingly macabre and satirical following his own mysterious illness and, in France, Honore Daumier used satire and humor to expose medical quackery. Also physicians such as Charles Bell and Jean-Martin Charcot were talented caricaturists. Their own personal artistic styles reflected their approach and gave a different “image” of neurology. Caricatures were popular portraits of developments in science and medicine and were frequently used whenever scientific language was too difficult to disseminate, in particular in the field of neurology.
Keywords: caricature; physiognomy; neurology; artist; neurological illustration
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