Objective. To correlate Doppler results with hematological indices at birth in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Tertiary teaching hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Population. One hundred singleton pregnancies with SGA fetuses of >27 weeks gestational age. Methods. All women had Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical arteries, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus within <72 hours prior to delivery. After birth, umbilical artery blood was collected for hematological analysis. Main outcome measures. The association between fetal Doppler velocimetry pulsatility index (PI) and some hematological indices. Results. Umbilical artery PI showed a positive correlation with nucleated red blood cell count in the umbilical cord (r=0.46; p<0.01), and a negative correlation with platelet count (r= - 0.53; p<0.01) and white blood cell count (r= - 0.42; p<0.01). Middle cerebral artery PI was positively correlated with platelet count (r=0.43; p<0.01) and white blood cell count (r=0.38; p<0.01), and was negatively correlated with nucleated red blood cell count (r= - 0.39; p<0.01). The ductus venosus pulsatility index showed a positive correlation with nucleated red blood cell count (r=0.36; p<0.01), and a negative correlation with platelet count (r= - 0.37; p<0.01) and white blood cell count (r= - 0.26; p<0.01). Conclusion. A significant positive or negative correlation between nucleated red blood cell, platelet and white blood cell counts, and Doppler indices suggests an association between placental insufficiency and the fetal hematological response.