* ¹The following abbreviations are used in this paper: A = Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Smtliche Schriften und Briefe. Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaft edn (Darmstadt, Leipzig, Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1923-)(cited by series, volume and page number); AG = G. W. Leibniz, G. W. Leibniz: Philosophical Papers, translated by Roger Ariew and Daniel Garber (Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, 1989); C = Opuscules et fragments indits de Leibniz, edited by Louis Couturat (Paris: Flix Alcan, 1903); G = G. W. Leibniz, Die Philosophischen Schriften von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, edited by C. I. Gerhardt, 7 vols (Berlin, 1875-1890) (Roman numerals refer to volume numbers, Arabic ones to page numbers); Gr = G. W. Leibniz, Textes Indits, edited by Gaston Grua, 2 vols (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1948); L = G. W. Leibniz, Philosophical Papers and Letters, translated by Leroy E. Loemker, 2nd edn (Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1969); LA = The Leibniz - Arnauld Correspondence, edited by and translated by H. T. Mason, with an intro. by G. H. R. Parkinson (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1967) (references to page numbers in this edition are to the pagination found in its margins, which is that of the Gerhardt edition); MP = G. W. Leibniz, Leibniz: Philosophical Writings, edited by G. H. R. Parkinson, translated by Mary Morris and G. H. R. Parkinson (London: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1973); NE = G. W. Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding, translated and edited by Peter Remnant and Jonathan Bennett (the pagination of this volume is identical to that of A VI vi, references to which are accordingly omitted). Quotations from any of these works are signalled by means of an asterisk following the abbreviation and page number. Thus, a quoted passage marked 'AG 123*' is quoted from page 123 of Ariew and Garber's G. W. Leibniz: Philosophical Papers. Passages without any such mark are my own translations.