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Integrated text entry from power wheelchairs 

Authors: Jacob O. Wobbrock a;  Htet Htet Aung a;  Brad A. Myers a; Edmund F. Lopresti b
Affiliations:   a Human-Computer Interaction Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
b A.T. Sciences, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
DOI: 10.1080/01449290512331321729
Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year
Published in: journal Behaviour & Information Technology, Volume 24, Issue 3 May 2005 , pages 187 - 203
Number of References: 36
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
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Abstract

Power wheelchair joysticks have be used to control a mouse cursor on desktop computers, but they offer no integrated text entry solution, confining users to point-and-click or point-and-dwell with on-screen keyboards. On-screen keyboards reduce useful screen real-estate, exacerbating the need for frequent window management, and impose a secondary focus of attention. By contrast, we present two integrated gestural text entry methods designed for use from power wheelchairs: one for use with joysticks and the other for use with touchpads. Both techniques are adaptations of EdgeWrite, originally a stylus-based unistroke method designed for people with tremor. In a preliminary text entry study of 7 power wheelchair users, we found that EdgeWrite with a touchpad was faster than the on-screen keyboard WiViK with a joystick, and EdgeWrite with a joystick was only slightly slower. These results warranted a multi-session comparison of text entry with EdgeWrite and WiViK using joysticks and touchpads, in which we found touchpads faster than joysticks, and EdgeWrite faster than WiViK with both devices after initial learning periods.
Keywords: Power wheelchair; Computer access; On-screen keyboard; Joystick; Touchpad; Text entry; Text input; Unistrokes; Gestures; EdgeWrite; WiViK; Pebbles
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