Click here for immediate access to the latest key research articles

Electromagnetically induced transparency

Author: J. P. Marangos ^a

Affiliation:

^a Laser Optics and Spectroscopy Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, England

DOI: 10.1080/09500349808231909

Publication Frequency: 21 issues per year

Published in: journal

Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 45, Issue 3 March 1998 , pages 471 - 503

Subjects: Fibre Optics; Optics & Optoelectronics.; Optics, Optoelectronic Effects, Devices & Systems; Optoelectronics; Theoretical Physics;

Formats available: PDF (English)

You have:

FREE ACCESS

Previously published as: Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics (0030-3909) until 1987

Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions

References

1. Feynman, R. P., Leighton, R. B. and Sands, M. (1966) The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Quantum Mechanics III , Addison-Wesley , Reading, Massachusetts
2. Carnal, O. and Mlynek, J. (1991) Young's double-slit experiment with atoms: A simple atom interferometer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 , p. 2689. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
3. Keith, D. W., Ekstrom, C. K., Turchette, Q. A. and Pritchard, D. E. (1991) An interferometer for atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 , p. 2693. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
4. Mlynek, J., Balykin, V. and Meystre, P. (1992) Optics and interferometry with atoms. Appl. Phys. B 54 , p. 319. [ crossref ]
5. Schmiedmeyer, J., Chapman, M. S., Ekstrom, C. R., Hammond, T. D., Wehinger, S. and Pritchard, D. E. (1995) Index of refraction of various gases for sodium matter waves. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 , p. 1043. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
6. Percival, I. C. and Strunz, W. T. (1997) Detection of space-time fluctuations by a model matter interferometer. Proc. R. Soc. 453 , p. 431. [ crossref ]
7. Percival, I. C. (1997) Atom interferometry, space-time and reality. Phys. World 10 , p. 43.
8. Fano, U. (1961) Effects of configuration interaction on intensities and phase-shifts. Phys. Rev. 124 , p. 1866. [ crossref ]
9. Madden, R. B. and Codling, K. (1965) Two-electron excitation states in helium. Astrophys. J. 141 , p. 364. [ crossref ]
10. Maschke, K., Thomas, P. and Gbel, E. O. (1991) Fano interference in Type-II semiconductor quantum-well structures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 , p. 2646. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
11. Harris, S. E. (1997) Electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Today p. 36. — June
12. Harris, S. E., Field, J. E. and Imamoglu, A. (1990) Non-linear optical processes using electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 , p. 1107. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
13. Scully, M. O. (1992) From lasers and masers to phaseonium and phasers. Phys. Rep. 219 , p. 191. [ crossref ]
14. Scully, M. O. (1991) Enhancement of the index of refraction via quantum coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 , p. 1855. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
15. Harris, S. E. (1996) Electromagnetically induced transparency in an ideal plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 , p. 5357. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
16. Kocharovskaya, O. and Khanin, Ya. I. (1988) Coherent amplification of an ultrashort pulse in a three level medium without population inversion. JETP Lett. 48 , p. 630.
17. Kocharovskaya, O. and Mandel, P. (1990) Amplification without inversion: The double Ascheme. Phys. Rev. A 42 , p. 523. [ crossref ]
18. Scully, M. O., Zhu, S. -Y. and Gavrieliedes, A. (1989) Degenerate quantum-beat laser: Lasing without inversion and inversion without lasing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 , p. 2813. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
19. Arkhipkin, V. G. and Heller, I. Yu (1983) Radiation amplification without population inversion at transitions to autoionising states. Phys. Lett. A 98 , p. 12. [ crossref ]
20. Harris, S. E. (1989) Lasers without inversion: Interference of a lifetime broadened resonance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 , p. 1033. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
21. Imamoglu, A. and Harris, S. E. (1989) Lasers without inversion: Interference of dressed lifetime-broadened states. Optics Lett. 14 , p. 1344.
22. Fill, E. E., Scully, M. O. and Zhu, S. -Y. (1990) Lasing without inversion via the Lambda quantum-beat laser in the collision dominated regime. Optics Commun. 77 , p. 36. [ crossref ]
23. Zibrov, A. S., Lukin, M. D., Nikonov, D. E., Hollberg, L., Scully, M. O., Velichansky, V. L. and Robinson, H. G. (1995) Experimental observation of laser oscillation without population inversion via quantum interference in Rb. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 , p. 1499. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
24. Padmabandu, G. G., Welch, G. R., Shubin, I. N., Fry, E. S., Nikonov, D. E., Lukin, M. D. and Scully, M. O. (1996) Laser oscillation without population inversion in a sodium atomic beam. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 , p. 2053. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
25. Kocharovskaya, O. (1992) Amplification and lasing without inversion. Phys. Rep. 219 , p. 175. [ crossref ]
26. Mandel, P. (1993) Lasing without inversion: A useful concept?. Contemp. Phys. 34 , p. 235. [informaworld]
27. Lee, D. S. and Malloy, K. J. (1994) Analysis of reduced interband absorption mechanisms in semiconductor quantum wells. IEEE Jl quant. Electron. 30 , p. 85. [ crossref ]
28. Imamoglu, A. and Ram, R. J. (1994) Semiconductor lasers without population inversion. Optics Lett. 19 , p. 1744.
29. Dalton, B. J. and Knight, P. L. Harvey, J. D. and Walls, D. F. (eds) (1983) Laser Physics, Lecture notes in Physics. Laser Physics 182 , Springer , Berlin — Lecture Notes in Physics
30. Yoo, H. I. and Eberly, J. H. (1985) Dynamical theory of an atom with two or three levels interacting with quantized cavity fields. Phys. Rep. 118 , p. 239. [ crossref ]
31. Shore, B. W. (1990) Theory of Coherent Atomic Excitation Wiley , New York
32. Arimondo, E. (1996) Coherent population trapping in laser spectroscopy. Prog. Optics 35 , p. 257.
33. Knight, P. L. (1984) Laser induced continuum structure. Commttn. at. molec. Phys. 15 , p. 193.
34. Knight, P. L., Lauder, M. A. and Dalton, B. J. (1990) Laser induced continuum structure. Phys. rep. 190 , p. 1. [ crossref ]
35. Alzetta, G., Gozzini, A., Moi, L. and Orols, G. (1976) An experimental method for the observation of R.F. transitions and laser beam resonances in orientated Na vapour. Nuovo Cim. B 36 , p. 5.
36. Whitley, R. M. and Stroud Jr, C. R. (1976) Double optical resonance. Phys. Rev. A 14 , p. 1498. [ crossref ]
37. Radmore, P. M. and Knight, P. L. (1982) Population trapping and dispersion in a three-level system. J. Phys. B 15 , p. 561.
38. Oreg, J., Hioe, F. T. and Eberly, J. H. (1984) Adiabatic following in multilevel systems. Phys. Rev. A 29 , p. 690. [ crossref ]
39. Shore, B. W. (1995) Counter intuitive physics. Contemp. Phys. 36 , p. 15.
40. Gaubatz, U., Rudecki, P., Schieman, S. and Bergman, K. (1990) Population transfer between molecular vibrational levels by stimulated Raman-scattering with partially overlapping laser fields. J. chem. Phys. 92 , p. 5363. [ crossref ]
41. Dam, N., Oudejans, L. and Reuss, J. (1990) Relaxation rates of ethylene obtained from their effect on coherent transients. Chem. Phys. 140 , p. 217. [ crossref ]
42. Lounis, B. and Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (1992) Coherent population trapping and Fano profiles. J. Phys. II, Paris 2 , p. 579.
43. Harris, S. E. and Macklin, J. J. (1989) Lasers without inversion: Single-atom transient response. Phys. Rev. A 40 , p. 4135. [ crossref ]
44. Cohen, J. L. and Berman, P. R. (1997) Amplification without inversion: Understanding probability amplitudes, quantum interferences and Feynman rules in a strongly driven system. Phys. rev. A 55 , p. 3900. [ crossref ]
45. Ter Haar, D. (1961) Theory and application of the density matrix. Rep. Prog. Phys. 24 , p. 304.
46. Sargent III, M., Scully, M. O. and Lamb Jr, W. E. (1974) Laser Physics. Laser Physics Addison-Wesley , Reading, Massachusetts
47. Wilcox, L. R. and Lamb Jr, W. E. (1960) Fine structure of short-lived states of hydrogen by a microwave-optical method. II. Phys. Rev. 119 , p. 1915. [ crossref ]
48. Schlossberg, H. R. and Javan, A. (1966) Saturation behaviour of a Dopplerbroadened transition involving levels with closely spaced structure. Phys. Rev. 150 , p. 267. [ crossref ]
49. Hnsch, T. and Toschek, P. (1970) Theory of three-level gas laser amplifier. Z. Phys. 236 , p. 213. [ crossref ]
50. Cohen-Tannoudij, C., Zambon, B. and Arimondo, E. (1993) Quantum-jump approach to dissipative processes: application to amplification without inversion. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10 , p. 2107.
51. Fetch, J. C., Keitel., C.H., Knight, P. L. and Marangos, J. P. (1996) Role of electromagnetically induced transparency in resonant four-wave mixing schemes. Phys. Rev. A 53 , p. 543. [ crossref ]
52. Li, Y. -Q. and Xiao, M. (1995) Transient properties of an electromagnetically induced transparency in three-level atoms. Optics Lett. 20 , p. 1489.
53. Harris, S. E. (1993) Electromagnetically induced transparency with matched pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 , p. 552. [ crossref ]
54. Harris, S. E. (1994) Normal-modes for electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 , p. 52. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
55. Eberly, J. H., Pons, M. L. and Haq, H. R. (1994) Dressed-field pulses in an absorbing medium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 , p. 56. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
56. Harris, S. E. and Luo, Z. -F. (1995) Preparation energy for electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. A 52 , p. R928. [ crossref ]
57. Douling, J. P. and Bowden, C. M. (1993) Near dipole-dipole effects in lasing without inversion: An enhancement of gain and absorptionless index of refraction. Phys. rev. Lett. 70 , p. 1421. [ crossref ] [ pubmed ]
58. Moseley, R. R., Sinclair, B. D. and Dunn, M. H. (1994) Local field effects in the three-level atom. Optics Commun. 108 , p. 247. [ crossref ]
59. Field, J. E. (1993) Vacuum-Rabi-splitting-induced transparency. Phys. Rev. A 47 , p. 5064. [ crossref ]
60. Field, J. E. and Imamoglu, A. (1993) Spontaneous emission into an electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. A 48 , p. 2486. [ crossref ]
61. Fleischhauer, M. (1994) Correlation of high-frequency phase fluctuations in electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 , p. 989. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
62. Harris, S. E., Field, J. E. and Kasapi, A. (1992) Dispersive properties of electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. A 46 , p. R29. [ crossref ]
63. Scully, M. O. and Zhu, S. -Y. (1992) Ultra-large index of refraction via quantum interference. Optics Commun. 87 , p. 134. [ crossref ]
64. Fleischhauer, M., Keitel, C. H., Scully, M. O. and Su, C. (1992) Lasing without inversion and enhancement of the index of refraction via interference of incoherent pump processes. Optics Commun. 87 , p. 109. [ crossref ]
65. Wilson-Gordon, A. D. and Friedman, H. (1992) Enhanced index of refraction: a comparison between two- and three-level systems. Optics Commun. 94 , p. 238. [ csa ] [ crossref ]
66. Fleischhauer, M., Keitel, C. H., Scully, M. O., Su, C., Ulrich, B. T. and Zhu, S. -Y. (1992) Resonantly enhanced refractive index without absorption via atomic coherence. Phys. Rev. A 46 , p. 1468. [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
67. Rathe, U., Fleischhauer, M., Zhu, S. -Y., Hnsch, T. W. and Scully, M. O. (1993) Non-linear theory of index enhancement via quantum coherence and interference. Phys. Rev. A 47 , p. 4994. [ crossref ]
68. Manka, A. S., Dowling, J. P., Bowden, C. M. and Fleischhauer, M. (1994) Piezophotonic switching due to local-field effects in a coherently prepared medium of 3-level atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 , p. 1789. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
69. Harris, S. E. (1994) Refractive-index control with strong fields. Optics Lett. 19 , p. 2018.
70. Fleischhauer, M. and Scully, M. O. (1994) Quantum sensitivity limits of an optical magnetometer based on atomic phase coherence. Phys. rev. A 49 , p. 1973. [ crossref ]
71. Cardimona, D. A., Raymer, M. G. and Stroud Jr, C. R. (1982) Steady-state quantum interference in resonance fluorescence. J. Phys. B 15 , p. 55.
72. Zhu, S. -Y. and Scully, M. O. (1996) Spectral line elimination and spontaneous emission cancellation via quantum interference. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 , p. 388. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
73. Zhou, P. and Swain, S. (1996) Ultra-narrow spectral lines via quantum interference. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 , p. 3995. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ] [ crossref ] [ crossref ] [ crossref ] [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
74. Xia, H. -R., Ye, C. -Y. and Zhu, S. -Y. (1996) Experimental observation of spontaneous emission cancellation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 , p. 1032. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
75. Tewari, S. P. and Agarwal, G. S. (1986) Control of phase-matching and nonlinear generation in dense media by resonant fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 , p. 1811. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
76. Moseley, R. R., Sinclair, B. D. and Dunn, M. H. (1993) Enhanced conversion efficiency in three-wave mixing via electromagnetically reduced fundamental wave absorption. Optics Commun. 101 , p. 139. [ crossref ]
77. Agarwal, G. S. and Tewari, S. P. (1993) Large enhancements in non-linear generation by external electromagnetic fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 , p. 1417. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
78. Lakshmi, P. A. and Swain, S. (1991) Effects of laser linewidths on nonlinear optical processes exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency. J. mod. Optics 38 , p. 2031.
79. Harsham, P. J., Blum, O., Gustafson, T. K. and Kelley, P. L. (1993) Applications of radiative renormalisation to electromagnetically induced transparency. Optics Lett. 18 , p. 1706.
80. Cerboneschi, E. and Arimondo, E. (1996) Matched pulses and electromagnetically induced transparency for the interaction of laser pulse pairs with a double-vee system. Optics Commun. 127 , p. 55. [ crossref ]
81. Fulton, D. J., Moseley, R. R., Shepherd, S., Sinclair, B. D. and Dunn, M. H. (1995) Effects of Zeeman splitting on electromagnetically induced transparency. Optics Commun. 116 , p. 231. [ crossref ]
82. Zhang, G. Z., Kasuragawa, M., Hakuta, K., Thompson, R. I. and Stoicheff, B. P. (1995) Sum-frequency generation using strong-field coupling and induced transparency in atomic hydrogen. Phys. Rev. A 52 , p. 1584. [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
83. Gea-Banacloche, J., Li, Y. -Q., Jin, S. -Z. and Xiao, M. (1995) Electromagnetically induced transparency in ladder-type inhomogeneously broadened media-theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. A 51 , p. 576. [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
84. Shepherd, S., Fulton, D. J. and Dunn, M. H. (1996) Wavelength dependence of coherently induced transparency in a Doppler-broadened cascade medium. Phys. Rev. A 54 , p. 5394. [ crossref ]
85. Xiao, M., Li, Y. -Q. and Gea-Banacloche, J. (1995) Measurements of dispersive properties of electromagnetically induced transparency in Rubidium atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 , p. 666. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
86. Moseley, R. R., Shepherd, S., Fulton, D. J., Sinclair, B. D. and Dunn, M. H. (1995) Spatial consequences of electromagnetically induced transparency: Observation of electromagnetically induced focusing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 , p. 670. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
87. Misunga, M., Mukai, T., Watanabe, K. and Mukai, T. (1996) Dressed-atom spectroscopy of cold Cs atoms. J. Opt. Soc. B 13 , p. 2696.
88. Hopkins, S. A., Usadi, E., Chen, H. X. and Durrant, A. V. (1997) Electromagnetically induced transparency of laser-cooled rubidium atoms in three-level Λ type systems. Optics Commun. 134 , p. 185. [ crossref ]
89. Agarwal, G. S. (1976) Exact solution for the influence of laser temporal fluctuations on resonance fluorescence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 37 , p. 1383. [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
90. Swain, S. (1980) Theory of atomic processes in strong resonant electromagnetic fields. Adv. at. molec. Phys. 16 , p. 159.
91. Dalton, B. J. and Knight, P. L. (1982) The effect of laser field fluctuations on coherent population trapping. J. Phys. B 15 , p. 3997.
92. Zoller, P. and Lambropoulos, P. (1979) Non-Lorentzian laser lineshapes in intense field-atom interaction. J. Phys. B 12 , p. L547.
93. Dixit, S. N., Zoller, P. and Lambropoulos, P. (1980) Non-Lorentzian laser lineshapes and the reversed peak asymmetry in double optical renounces. Phys. Rev. A 21 , p. 1289. [ crossref ]
94. Kuhn, A., Coulston, G. W., He, G. Z., Bergmann, K. and Warren, W. S. (1992) Population transfer by stimulated Raman-scattering with delayed pulses using spectrally broad light. J. chem. Phys. 96 , p. 4215. [ crossref ]
95. Bell, W. E. and Bloom, H. L. (1961) Optically driven spin precession. Phys. Rev. Lett. 6 , p. 280. [ crossref ] [ crossref ]
96. Autler, S. H. and Townes, C. H. (1955) Stark effect in rapidly varying fields. Phys. Rev. 100 , p. 703. [ crossref ]
97. Abella, I. D., Kurnit, N. A. and Hartmann, S. R. (1966) Photon echoes. Phys. Rev. 141 , p. 391. [ crossref ]
98. Mollow, B. R. (1969) Power spectrum of light scattered by 2-level systems. Phys. Rev. 188 , p. 1969. [ crossref ]
99. Mollow, B. R. (1972) Stimulated emission and absorption near resonance for driven systems. Phys. Rev. A 5 , p. 2217. [ crossref ]
100. Knight, P. L. and Miloni, P. W. (1980) The Rabi frequency in optical spectra. Phys. Rep. 66 , p. 21. [ crossref ]
101. Allen, L. and Eberly, J. H. (1982) Optical Resonance and 2-Level Atoms Dover Publications , New York
102. Arimondo, E. and Orriols, G. (1976) Lett. Nuovo Cim. 17 , p. 333.
103. Alzetta, G., Moi, L. and Orriols, G. (1979) Nonabsorption hyperfine resonances in a sodium vapour irradiated with a multimode dye laser. Nuovo Cim. B 52 , p. 209.
104. Gray, H. R., Whitley, R. M. and Stroud, C. R. (1978) Coherent trapping of atomic populations. Optics Lett. 3 , p. 218.
105. Aspect, A., Arimondo, E., Kaiser, R., Vansteenkiste, N. and Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (1988) Laser cooling below the one-photon recoil energy by velocity-selective coherent population trapping. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 , p. 826. [ crossref ] [ pubmed ]
106. Bardou, F., Saubamea, B., Lawall, J., Shimizu, K., Emile, O., Westbrook, C., Aspect, A. and Cohen-Tannoudji, C. (1994) Sub-recoil laser cooling with precooled atoms. C. r. hebd. Seanc Acad. Sci. Paris, II 318 , p. 877.
107. Doery, M. R., Widmer, M. T., Bellanca, M. J., Buell, W. F., Bergemann, T. H., Metcalf, H. and Vrenbregt, E. J. D. (1995) Population accumulation in dark states and subrecoil laser cooling. Phys. Rev. A 52 , p. 2295. [ crossref ]
108. Boller, K. J., Imamoglu, A. and Harris, S. E. (1991) Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 , p. 2593. [ crossref ] [ pubmed ]
109. Field, J. E., Hahn, K. H. and Harris, S. E. (1991) Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in collisionally broadened lead vapor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 , p. 3062. [ crossref ] [ crossref ] [ pubmed ]
110. Kasapi, A. (1996) Enhanced isotope discrimination using electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 , p. 1035. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
111. Li, Y. -Q. and Xiao, M. (1995) Electromagnetically induced transparency in a three-level Λ system in rubidium atoms. Phys. Rev. A 51 , p. R2703. [ crossref ]
112. Li, Y. -Q. and Xiao, M. (1995) Observation of quantum interference between the dressed states in an electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. A 51 , p. 4959. [ crossref ]
113. Moseley, R. R., Shepherd, S., Fulton, D. J., Sinclair, B. D. and Dinn, M. H. (1996) Electromagnetically induced focusing. Phys. Rev. A 53 , p. 408. [ crossref ]
114. Zibrov, A. S., Lukin, M. D., Hollberg, L., Nikonov, D. E., Scully, M. O., Robinson, H. G. and Velichansky, V. L. (1996) Experimental demonstration of enhanced index of refraction via quantum coherence in Rb. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 , p. 3935. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
115. Durrant, A. V., Chen, H. X., Hopkins, S. A. and Vaccaro, J. A. (1997) Experimental Observation of atomic coherence between Zeeman states in laser cooled rubidium atoms. — to be published
116. Van Der Veldt, T., Roch, J. -F., Grelu, P. and Grangier, P. (1997) Nonlinear absorption and dispersion of cold Rb-87 atoms. Optics Commun. 137 , p. 420. [ csa ] [ crossref ]
117. Scandolo, S. and Bassani, F. (1992) Non-linear sum rules: The three-level and anharmonic-oscillator modes. Phys. Rev. B 45 , p. 13. — 257 [ crossref ]
118. Cataliotti, F. S., Fort, C., Hnsch, T. W., Ingusco, M. and Prevedelli, M. (1997) Electromagnetically induced transparency in cold free atoms: Test of a sum rule for non-linear optics. Phys. Rev. A.
119. Gao, J., Guo, C., Guo, X., Jin, G., Wang, P., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, D. and Jiang, D. (1992) Observation of light amplification without population inversion. Optics Commun. 93 , p. 323. [ crossref ]
120. Narducci, L. M., Doss, H. M., Ru, P., Scully, M. O., Zhu, S. -Y. and Keitel, C. H. (1991) A simple model of a laser without inversion. Optics Commun. 81 , p. 379. [ crossref ]
121. Gao, J., Zhang, H. Z., Cui, H. F., Guo, X. Z., Jiang, Y., Wang, Q. W., Jin, G. X. and Li, J. S. (1994) Inversionless amplification in sodium. Optics Commun. 110 , p. 590. [ crossref ]
122. Kleinfeld, J. A. and Streater, A. D. (1994) Observation of gain due to coherence effects in potassium-helium mixture. Phys. Rev. A 49 , p. R4301. [ crossref ]
123. Fry, E. S., Li, X., Nikonov, D., Padmabandu, G. G., Scully, M. O., Smith, A. V., Tittel, F. K., Wang, C., Wilkinson, S. R. and Zhu, S. -Y. (1993) Atomic coherence effects within the sodium D1 line: Lasing without inversion via population trapping. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 , p. 3235. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
124. Nottelman, A., Peters, C. and Lange, W. (1993) Inversionless amplification of picosecond pulses due to Zeeman coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 , p. 1783. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
125. Van Der Veer, W. E., Van Dienst, R. J. J., Dnselmann, A. and Van Linden Van DenHuevell, H.B. (1993) Experimental demonstration of light amplification without population. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 , p. 3243. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
126. Peters, C. and Lang, W. (1996) Laser action below threshold inversion due to coherent population trapping. Appl. Phys. B 62 , p. 221. [ crossref ]
127. Kasapi, A., Jain, M., Yin, G. Y. and Harris, S. E. (1995) Electromagnetically induced transparency: Propagation dynamics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 , p. 2447. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
128. Jain, M., Merriam, A. J., Kasapi, A., Yin, G. Y. and Harris, S. E. (1995) Elimination of optical self-focusing by population trapping. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 , p. 4385. [ csa ] [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
129. Kasapi, A., Yin, G. Y., Jain, M. and Harris, S. E. (1996) Measurement of Lorentzian linewidths by pulse-propagation delay. Phys. Rev. A 53 , p. 4547. [ crossref ]
130. Hakuta, K., Marmet, L. and Stoicheff, B. P. (1991) Electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation with reduced absorption. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 , p. 596. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
131. Hakuta, K., Marmet, L. and Stoicheff, B. P. (1992) Nonlinear optical generation with reduced absorption using electric-field coupling in atomic hydrogen. Phys. Rev. A 45 , p. 5152. [ crossref ]
132. Zhang, G. Z., Hakuta, K. and Stoicheff, B. P. (1993) Nonlinear optical generation using electromagnetically induced transparency in hydrogen. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 , p. 3099. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
133. Katsurgawa, M., Zhang, G. Z. and Hakuta, K. Sum-frequency generation using strong-field coupling in atomic hydrogen: Effect of co-existing molecular hydrogen. Optics Commun. 129 , p. 212.
134. Thompson, R. I., Stoicheff, B. P., Zhang, G. Z. and Hakuta, K. (1995) Time-dependent effects in non-linear generation of VUV radiation with induced transparency. Appl. Phys. B 60 , p. S129.
135. Sihombing, R. S. D., Katsuragawa, M., Zhang, G. Z. and Hakuta, K. (1996) Quantum interference in resonant multi-photon ionisation processes for strongly coupled atomic systems. Phys. Rev. A 54 , p. 1551. [ crossref ]
136. Deng, L., Garret, W. R., Payne, M. G. and Lee, D. Z. (1996) Observation of a critical concentration in laser-induced transparency and multi-photon excitation and ionisation in rubidium. Optics Lett. 21 , p. 928.
137. Jain, M., Yin, G. Y., Field, J. E. and Harris, S. E. (1993) Observation of electromagnetically induced phase matching. Optics Lett. 18 , p. 998.
138. Li, Y. -Q. and Xiao, M. (1996) Enhancement of non-degenerate four-wave-mixing based on electromagnetically induced transparency in rubidium atoms. Optics Lett. 21 , p. 1064.
139. Hemmer, P. R., Katz, D. P., Donoghue, J., Cronin-Golomb, M., Shahriar, M. S. and Kumar, P. (1995) Efficient low-intensity optical phase conjugation based on coherent population trapping in sodium. Optics Lett. 20 , p. 982.
140. Grove, T. T., Shahriar, M. S., Hemmer, P. R., Kumar, P., Sudarshanam, V. S. and Cronin-Golomb, M. (1997) Distortion-free gain and noise correlation in sodium vapor with four-wave mixing and coherent population trapping. Optics Lett. 22 , p. 769.
141. Babin, S., Hinze, U., Tiemann, E. and Wellegehausen, B. (1996) Continuous resonant four-wave-mixing in double-Λ level configurations of Na2. Optics Lett. 21 , p. 1186.
142. Apolonskii, A., Balischev, S., Hinze, U., Tiemann, E. and Wellegehausen, B. (1992) Continuous frequency up-conversion in a double-Λ scheme in Na2. Appl. Phys. B 64 , p. 435. [ crossref ]
143. Jain, M., Xia, H., Yin, G. Y., Merriam, A. J. and Harris, S. E. (1996) Efficient nonlinear frequency conversion with maximal atomic coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 , p. 4326. [ pubmed ] [ crossref ]
144. Harrris, S. E. and Jain, M. (1997) Optical parametric oscillators pumped by population-trapped atoms. Optics Lett. 22 , p. 636.
145. Harris, S. E., Yin, G. Y., Xia, H. and Merriam, A. J. (1997) Nonlinear optics at maximum coherence. Phil. trans. R. Soc. A — to be published
146. Hakuta, K., Suzuki, M., Katsuragawa, M. and Li, J. Z. (1997) Self-induced phase matching in parametric anti-Stokes stimulated Raman scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 , p. 209. [ crossref ]
147. Schmidt, H. and Imamoglu, A. (1996) Giant Kerr nonlinearities obtained by electromagnetically induced transparency. Optics Lett. 21 , p. 1936.
148. Harris, S. E. and Sokolov, A. V. (1997) Broadband spectral generation with refractive index control. Phys. Rev. A 55 , p. R4019. [ crossref ]
149. Zhao, Y., Wu, C., Ham, B. -Y., Kim, M. K. and Awad, E. (1997) Microwave induced transparency in Ruby. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 , p. 641. [ crossref ] [ crossref ]

informaworld

About this Journal

General Information

Electromagnetically induced transparency

References