1. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with chromium picolinate on the performance, serum and carcase traits and lipid metabolism of broilers. In trial 1, 120 1-day-old broilers with an equal number of males and females were assigned at random to 4 groups with 3 replicates. Four treatments with dietary supplements of 0 (control), 800, 1600 and 3200 mug/kg of chromium picolinate were used. In trial 2, 6-week-old broilers (20) were used to determine how supplements of 0, 200, 400 and 800 mug/kg chromium in an incubation medium influence their hepatocyte lipogenic capacity and adipocyte lipolysis, in vitro . 2. Dietary supplements of 1600 and 3200 mug/kg chromium in broiler diets significantly increased food consumption (P <0.05); 1600 mug/kg markedly improved weight gain (P <0.05); 1600 and 3200 mug/kg groups showed increased liver lipid content (P <0.05). However, the abdominal fat content tended to decrease in these 2 groups. 3. Dietary supplements of 1600 and 3200 mug/kg of chromium decreased serum glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations while increasing serum phospholipid content (P <0.05). Insulin concentration decreased only in birds receiving 3200 ppb chromium (P <0.05). Serum triacylglycerol (TG) clearance rate in chromium-supplemented groups was markedly enhanced (P <0.05). 4. In addition, chromium supplemented groups had increased serum HDL contents and also reduced serum VLDL and LDL contents (P <0.05). 5. Trial 2 indicated that lipogenesis from [U-14C]glucose by isolated hepatocytes was significantly enhanced by 400 ppb chromium (P <0.05). 6. The results from this study demonstrate that a supplement of 1600 mug/kg of chromium picolinate in the ration influences the growth, carcase, serum traits and lipid metabolism of broilers.