The present article is devoted to the enigmatic Bjarmaland of the Old Norse sources. Where was Bjarmaland situated? Was there only one Bjarmaland , or were there several Bjarmalands ? The author approaches these questions by going through the historical sources mentioning Bjarmaland / Biarmonia / Biarmia . Second, she analyses the reception of Bjarmaland in Russian historical literature in the eighteenth to twentieth centuries, and finally, she gives her own opinion on the question of its localization, etymological origin and changing lexical content.