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Heritability of Morningness-Eveningness and Self-Report Sleep Measures in a Family-Based Sample of 521 Hutterites 

Authors: Lambertus Klei a;  Patrick Reitz b;  Mary Miller b;  Joel Wood b;  Selma Maendel c;  David Gross d;  Tony Waldner e;  Joseph Eaton f;  Timothy H. Monk b; Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar g
Affiliations:   a Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
b Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
c Fairholme Hutterite Colony, Portage La Prairie, MB, Canada
d Sommerfeld Hutterite Colony, High Bluff, MB, Canada
e Forest River Hutterite Colony, Fordville, ND, USA
f School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
g Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
DOI: 10.1080/07420520500397959
Publication Frequency: 8 issues per year
Published in: journal Chronobiology International, Volume 22, Issue 6 November 2005 , pages 1041 - 1054
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
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Abstract

Individual variation in the phase and amplitude of human circadian rhythms is well known, but the impact of heritable factors on such variation is less clear. We estimated the narrow-sense heritability for selected circadian and sleep timing, quality, and duration measures among related members of the Hutterites, an endogamous, religious community (n=521 participants). “Morningness-eveningness” (M/E), a stable trait reflecting circadian phase, was evaluated using the Composite Scale (CS). Subjective sleep measures were assessed using the Sleep Timing Questionnaire. Initial analyses reconfirmed the impact of age on M/E. Previously reported correlations between M/E scores and the sleep measures were also noted, demonstrating the construct validity of the questionnaires among the participants. Following corrections for age, gender, and colony of residence, significant narrow-sense heritability was noted for M/E (23%). The heritability for subjective sleep measures (related to timing, duration, and quality) were statistically significant for all but one variable, and varied between 12.4% and 29.4%. Thus, significant heritable influences on human circadian phase and subjective sleep indices can be detected through family-based studies. In view of the impact of circadian malfunction on human health, it may be worthwhile to map genetic factors impacting circadian and sleep variation.
Keywords: Heritability; Morningness; Eveningness; Sleep; Hutterite; Genetics; Circadian rhythm
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