Purpose. To understand some reasons behind the lack of medical rehabilitation resources in developing regions and to propose some actions that can change this problem.

Methods. Focused Medline literature review on AIDS disability in Africa. Editorial observation.

Results. Disability, rather than death or cost of treatment, is likely the greatest burden from AIDS. However only 0.05% of published research on AIDS in Africa relates to disability, so we cannot know this with certainty. This is a direct result of funding priorities, and a consequence of both traditional epidemiological methods and old-line 'cure or die' medical education. The disproportionate lack of medical rehabilitation specialists and facilities is a consequence of the same forces. Similar patterns are seen in rural and developing regions around the world.

Conclusions. Rehabilitation professionals must change healthcare service by using rehabilitation techniques: flexing muscle by insisting that governments, agencies, and philanthropists look at the cost of disability, not just disease; training the brains of young professionals who will practice, research and advocate locally; adapting intervention strategies to the impairments imposed by poverty and distance.