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A comparison of biased simulation schemes for stochastic volatility models 

Authors: Roger Lord a;  Remmert Koekkoek b; Dick Van Dijk c
Affiliations:   a Financial Engineering, Rabobank International, Thames Court, London EC4V 3RL, UK
b Robeco Alternative Investments, 3011 AG Rotterdam, The Netherlands
c Erasmus University Rotterdam, Econometric Institute, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
DOI: 10.1080/14697680802392496
Publication Frequency: 8 issues per year
Published in: journal Quantitative Finance
First Published on: 28 April 2009
Formats available: HTML (English) : PDF (English)
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Abstract

Using an Euler discretization to simulate a mean-reverting CEV process gives rise to the problem that while the process itself is guaranteed to be nonnegative, the discretization is not. Although an exact and efficient simulation algorithm exists for this process, at present this is not the case for the CEV-SV stochastic volatility model, with the Heston model as a special case, where the variance is modelled as a mean-reverting CEV process. Consequently, when using an Euler discretization, one must carefully think about how to fix negative variances. Our contribution is threefold. Firstly, we unify all Euler fixes into a single general framework. Secondly, we introduce the new full truncation scheme, tailored to minimize the positive bias found when pricing European options. Thirdly and finally, we numerically compare all Euler fixes to recent quasi-second order schemes of Kahl and Jaumlckel, and Ninomiya and Victoir, as well as to the exact scheme of Broadie and Kaya. The choice of fix is found to be extremely important. The full truncation scheme outperforms all considered biased schemes in terms of bias and root-mean-squared error.
Keywords: Stochastic volatility; Heston; Square root process; CEV process; Euler-Maruyama; Discretization; Strong convergence; Weak convergence; Boundary behaviour
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