Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (HERA) is directed to the publication of reports of significant developments in the area of any aspect of human and ecological risk assessment, including toxicologic studies and epidemiologic investigations. The Editorial Board particularly encourages manuscripts that provide mechanistic fundamentals affecting risk assessment interpretations. All manuscripts must be submitted by e-mail to the HERA Editorial Office (bljradm@aol.com). Inquiries specific to Debates/Commentaries and Perspectives articles should be sent to: Dr. Peter Chapman, Senior Editor for Debate/Commentaries and Perspectives (Peter Chapman@golder.com). Letters to the Editor and other inquiries should be submitted to: Dr. Barry L. Johnson, Editor-in-Chief (e-mail: bljradm@aol.com). Only original papers will be considered.

Manuscripts are accepted for review with the understanding that the same work has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that its submission for publication has been approved by all authors and by the institution where the work was performed and that any person cited as a source of personal communication has approved such citation. Submission of a manuscript implies that the author(s) are in agreement with the data analysis and conclusions. Authorship comprises the names of those persons who actively participated in the conduct of the study and its report. Any manuscript found to contain fraudulent data will be returned to the author(s), with a notification to the author(s)'s institution(s). Articles and any other material published in the Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment are understood to represent the opinions of the author(s) and should not be construed to reflect the opinions of the Editors or the Publisher.

 Submission of Manuscripts. The entiremanuscript must be double-spaced (including title page, text, references, footnotes, figure legends, and tables). The title page, abstract page, references, and figure legends must be on separate pages. The title page must include the title, author(s)' names and addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of all authors. All manuscripts must include an abstract not to exceed 200 words as well as a list of three to six key (indexing) terms. The key terms must follow the abstract and be on the same page. A running head not to exceed 60 characters, including spaces, must appear only on the title page, placed near the bottom. All pages must be numbered consecutively in the lower right-hand corner, starting with the title page and including pages containing tables, figures, and legends. Paragraphs are indented and not separated by spaces. Times Roman is the preferred font for printouts of manuscripts. Headers within should be formatted as follows:

INTRODUCTION -First order header (all letters capitalized, bold font) 
Laboratory Animals -Second order header (only first letters capitalized. bold font)
Animal care and procedures -Third order header (only first word capitalized, bold font)
Assay of rat chow - Fourth order header (only first word capitalized, bold, italics)

Manuscripts submitted to HERA must be formatted in Microsoft Word or Corel WordPerfect. Excel and Adobe PDF files cannot be accepted. Authors should write in clear, concise English. The responsibility for all aspects of manuscript preparation rests with the authors. Extensive changes or rewriting of the manuscript will not be undertaken by the Editor. It is the responsibility of the author to obtain permission to use previously published material. Permission must be obtained from the original copyright owner, which in most cases is the publisher.

References. All references must be referred to in the text by author's name and year of publication typed within parentheses, such as (Jones 1993), (Clones and Bartlett 1994), (Jones et al. 1995 [when there are more than two authors]), (Howe 1993a,b; Howe 1994; Johnson 1999, 2002; Bartlett et al. 1994). References must follow the text and begin on a separate page, be double-spaced, and alphabetized. Each line after the first of each reference must be indented using the “hanging paragraph” format available in word processors. If there is more than one reference by one author or group of authors in the references, they must be placed in ascending chronological order. Use small letters (1998a,b) for references published in the same year. Abbreviate journal titles according to the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index(1985). Examples:

Journal Article: Walker IT, Burnett CA, Lalich NR, et al. 1997. Cancer mortality among laundry and dry cleaning workers. Am Ind Med 32:614-9  

Document: USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1983. Health Assessment Document for Acrylonitrile. EPA-600/8/82/007F. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, USA  

Book: Philip RB. 1995. Environmental Hazards & Human Health, pp 9-16. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA

Chapter in an Edited Book: Mertens JA. 1993. Chlorocarbons and chlorhydrocarbons. In: Kroschwitz and Howe-Grant M (eds), Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, vol 6, 4th ed, pp 40-50. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA

Materials from a Website: ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2000. Resources for information on asbestos and asbestos-related disease. Available at http:// www.atsdr.cdc.gov/NEWS/asbestosinfo2.html

Illustrations. Illustrations submitted (line drawings, halftones, photos, photomicrographs, etc.) should be clean originals or digital files. Digital files are recommended for highest quality reproduction and should follow these guidelines:

• 300 dpi or higher
• sized to fit on journal page
• EPS, TIFF, or PSD format only
• submitted as separate files, not embedded in text files

Color illustrations will be considered for publication; however, the author will be required to bear the full cost involved in their printing and publication. 

Online Only Reproduction: $225 for the first page of color; $100 per page for each of the next three pages of color. A maximum charge of $525 applies.  

Print + Online Reproduction: $900 for the first page of color; $450 per page for each of the next three pages of color. A custom quote will be provided for articles with more 4 pages of color. Good-quality color prints or files should be provided in their final size. The publisher has the right to refuse publication of color prints deemed unacceptable.

Tables. Tables should not be embedded in the text, but should be included as separate sheets or files. Tables should be used only when they can present information more effectively than running text. Care should be taken to avoid any arrangement that unduly increases the size of a table, and the column heads should be made as brief as possible, using abbreviations liberally. A short descriptive title should appear above each table and any footnotes suitably identified below. All units must be included.

Figures and Graphs. Figures should not be embedded in the text, but should be included as separate sheets or files. Symbols (open or closed circles, triangles, squares) and lettering (typewriter labeling is not acceptable) should be compatibly sized for optimum reduction. Figures should be completely labeled, taking into account necessary size reduction. Captions should be double-spaced on a separate sheet. Excel and Adobe PDF files cannot be accepted.

Formulas and Equations. Particular care should be used in preparing manuscripts involving mathematical expressions. Simple fractional expressions should be written with a slant line rather than in the usual manner so that only a single line of type is required. Empirical and structural formulas and mathematical and chemical equations should be arranged to fill adequately the width of a single or double column. Chemical structural formulas should be submitted as digital copy. Do not use structures when a simple formula will suffice. All furnished art must be complete. The editors and publisher will not add material to original art.

Acknowledgment. All sources of financial sponsorship are to be acknowledged, including names of private and public sector sponsors. This includes government grants, corporate funding, trade associations, non-government organizations, and contracts. For studies that involve animals, a statement that all animals used in the research were treated humanely according to institutional guidelines and the identity of the guidelines must be stated in the Acknowledgment section. Similarly, for studies that involve human subjects, a statement must be included that the research was approved by an institutional review board and the identity of the board must appear in the Acknowledgment section of the manuscript.

Offprints. Each corresponding author of an article will receive 3 complimentary copies of the issue in which the article appears. Reprints of individual articles are available for order at the time authors review page proofs. A discount on reprints is available to authors who order before print publication.